If you like to drive a car, please spend more effort on the brakes!

As we all know, the brake system of the car is very important to our driving safety. If there is a malfunction such as a brake failure, the consequences will be disastrous. How does the brake system of the car brake? Why does it fail? What is ABS, ESP system? How can we help drive safety? If you like to drive a car, please spend more time on the brakes, safety is the first!

As a braking system, the role is of course to allow the running car to slow down or even stop as we wish. The working principle is to convert the kinetic energy of a car into heat through friction. The automobile brake system is mainly composed of energy supply devices, control devices, transmission devices and brakes. Common brakes include drum brakes and disc brakes.

Drum brakes mainly include brake wheel cylinders, brake shoes, brake drums, friction plates, and return springs. Mainly through the hydraulic device is the friction plate and the inner side of the drum brake wheel rotation occurs, so as to play a braking effect.

When the brake pedal is depressed, the piston of the master cylinder is pushed to move, thereby generating pressure in the oil circuit. The brake fluid transfers the pressure to the wheel's brake cylinder to push the piston, and the piston pushes the brake shoes to move outwards, thereby making The friction plate rubs against the brake drum to generate braking force.

     在踩下刹车踏板时，推动刹车总泵的活塞运动，进而在油路中产生压力，制动液将压力传递到车轮的制动分泵推动活塞，活塞推动制动蹄向外运动，进而使得摩擦片与刹车鼓发生摩擦，从而产生制动力。

     盘式制动器也叫碟式制动器，主要由制动盘、制动钳、摩擦片、分泵、油管等部分构成。盘式制动器通过液压系统把压力施加到制动钳上，使制动摩擦片与随车轮转动的制动盘发生摩擦，从而达到制动的目的。

Unlike closed drum brakes, disc brakes are open. The heat generated during the braking process can be quickly dissipated, has a good braking performance, and is now widely used in cars.

The braking process is actually a process in which frictional force converts kinetic energy into heat energy. If the heat of the brake cannot be dissipated in time, the braking effect will be affected. In order to further enhance the braking performance, ventilation brake discs came into being. The interior of the ventilation brake disc is hollow or many small holes are made in the brake disc. Cold air can pass through the middle to cool down.

From the outside, it has a lot of holes in the circle leading to the center of the circle. It uses the centrifugal force generated by the car to make the air convection and achieve the purpose of heat dissipation. Therefore, it is much better than the ordinary solid disc cooling effect.

Ceramic brake discs have lighter weight, higher temperature and wear resistance than ordinary brake discs. Ordinary brake discs are prone to high heat due to full braking, resulting in thermal degradation, braking performance will be greatly reduced, and ceramic brake discs have good resistance to thermal decay, and their heat resistance is many times higher than ordinary brake discs. .

Ceramic brake discs produce maximum braking force at the initial stage of braking. The overall braking is faster and the braking distance is shorter than the conventional braking system. Of course, its price is also very expensive, and it is mostly used in high-performance sports cars.

The emergency brake assist system, when the driving computer ECU finds that the driver carries out emergency braking, can automatically increase the braking force in an instant to prevent dangerous situations due to the lack of power of the divisional mechanism.

When the time taken by the sensor to stop the brake on the throttle, the rate and intensity of stepping on the brakes meet the requirements, the ECU will immediately start emergency braking measures and use all the braking force in just a few milliseconds. The driver takes the brake pedal to the end much faster, which can shorten the braking distance in case of emergency braking.

ABS (Anti-locked Braking System) is an anti-lock braking system. It is a car safety control system that has the advantages of anti-slip, anti-lock, etc. It has been widely used in automobiles. ABS is mainly composed of ECU control unit, wheel speed sensor, brake pressure regulator and brake control circuit.

During the braking process, the ABS control unit continuously obtains the wheel speed signal from the wheel speed sensor and processes it to determine whether the wheel is about to be locked. ABS brake braking is characterized by the brake cylinder pressure does not increase with the increase of the main brake pump pressure when the wheel tends to lock critical point, the pressure changes near the critical point of the lock.

If it is determined that the wheel is not locked, the brake pressure adjustment device does not participate in the work and the braking force will continue to increase; if it is determined that a certain wheel is about to lock up, the ECU issues an instruction to the brake pressure adjustment device to close the brake cylinder and brake wheel. The passage of the cylinder makes the pressure of the brake wheel no longer increase. If it is determined that the wheel is in a state of locking and dragging, an instruction is issued to the brake pressure adjusting device to reduce the hydraulic pressure of the brake wheel cylinder and reduce the braking force.

The Electronic Stability Program (ESP) is a patent of Bosch Corporation. Other companies have also developed similar systems, such as BMW's DSC, Toyota's VSC, and so on.

The ESP system is actually an extension of the functions of ABS (anti-lock braking system) and ASR (drive wheel anti-skid rotation system). It can be said that it is the highest form of current automotive anti-skid devices. Mainly consists of control assembly and steering sensor (monitoring the steering angle of the steering wheel), wheel sensor (monitoring the speed rotation of each wheel), side slip sensor (monitoring the state of rotation of the vehicle body about the longitudinal axis), and lateral acceleration sensor (monitoring car cornering The centrifugal force etc. is composed. The control unit judges the operating state of the vehicle through the signals of these sensors and then issues a control command.

When the car is driving or turning fast, the lateral force generated will make the car unstable and prone to accidents, and the ESP system can prevent this from happening. So how does this system do it?

When an obstacle suddenly appears in front of the vehicle, the driver must quickly turn to the left. At this point, the steering sensor transmits this signal to the ESP control assembly. The side slip sensor and the lateral acceleration sensor signal the understeer of the vehicle. This means that the vehicle Will go straight to obstacles. Then the ESP system will momentarily brake the rear wheels in an instant, which will generate the reaction force needed for steering, allowing the car to follow the steering intention.

If you reverse the direction of the left lane after the car is turning, the car will be in danger of oversteering. The torque to the right is so great that the tail is thrown to the left. At this time, the ESP system will brake the left front wheel and reduce the torque, making the car turn smoothly.